What to Do if You Encounter a Polar Bear

Polar bears are not just part of the Svalbard experience—they’re a constant presence beyond the safety zone of Longyearbyen. While thrilling to observe, these animals are wild, strong, and potentially lethal. Local guides take polar bear safety extremely seriously, and understanding what to do in the event of an encounter is essential knowledge for any traveler. Whether you're snowmobiling across frozen fjords or hiking in the summer tundra, being informed can make the difference between a safe sighting and a dangerous situation.

First and foremost: never venture outside Longyearbyen without proper equipment. This means carrying a rifle and signal pistol, and knowing how to use both. Local law mandates this not to be dramatic, but because it’s a real necessity. Polar bears are curious and will approach camps or people if they’re hungry or investigating. While shooting a bear is an absolute last resort, scaring it off with flares is often enough. Guides are trained in this, and travelers should never attempt solo adventures without that same level of preparation.

If you spot a polar bear from a distance, stop and assess immediately. Never try to approach it, even for a photo. The rule is: leave the bear alone, and back away slowly. Do not run—polar bears can sprint faster than humans and may interpret running as prey behavior. Keep calm, maintain visual contact, and prepare deterrents like flares if the bear moves closer. Often, their curiosity wanes quickly once they sense humans are alert and responsive.

Camping in Svalbard requires special protocols. Always set up perimeter trip wires with alarms to warn of an approaching bear. Avoid cooking or storing food near tents, and keep waste sealed and far away. Bears have an extraordinary sense of smell and are often drawn by the scent of food. During polar bear season—particularly from March to August—camps should be under constant watch, and shifts should be arranged for night-time bear watch.

Guided tours are by far the safest way to experience polar bear territory. Local experts know the terrain, understand polar bear behavior, and carry the necessary defensive tools. Many expeditions also employ trained bear guards. When choosing a tour operator, look for one with clear polar bear safety policies and a commitment to traveler education. This is not only smart—it’s respectful to the bears, whose territory you're entering.

Encounters are rare, but they happen. In 2020, a camper was fatally attacked by a polar bear near Longyearbyen. This incident reminded locals and visitors alike that the risk is very real. It also reinforced the importance of collective safety culture, which includes reporting sightings to the Governor of Svalbard (Sysselmesteren), who maintains bear tracking data and coordinates public alerts when needed.

Technology can help. Satellite phones, GPS beacons, and bear alert systems are vital, especially in remote areas. Travelers should register with the Governor’s office before long excursions and provide an emergency plan. This isn’t red tape—it’s part of being a responsible guest in one of the world’s most extreme and beautiful environments.

Finally, respect is key. Polar bears are not villains—they’re survivors in one of the planet’s harshest climates. Your goal as a visitor should be to observe, not disturb. With the right preparation, a polar bear encounter can be a safe, awe-inspiring moment that leaves you with a lasting respect for Svalbard’s most iconic resident.